16×2 Character LCD Display – Specifications
General

• Display Type: Character LCD
• Characters: 16 characters × 2 lines
• Character Size: ~5.2 × 8.1 mm (varies slightly by manufacturer)
• Character Matrix: 5×8 dot matrix
• Controller: HD44780 or compatible chipset
• Backlight: LED (usually yellow-green or blue)

Electrical

• Operating Voltage: 4.7 V – 5.3 V (typical 5 V)
• Logic Voltage: 5 V
• Current Consumption:
    o LCD logic: ~1 mA
    o Backlight LED: 10–25 mA (varies by model)

Interface

• Communication Mode:
    o 8-bit parallel mode
    o 4-bit parallel mode (most common to save pins)

• Pins: 16 pins (standard header)
• Pin Functions:
    1. VSS – Ground
    2. VDD – +5 V
    3. VO – Contrast (via potentiometer)
    4. RS – Register Select
    5. RW – Read/Write
    6. E – Enable; 7–14. D0–D7 – Data bus
    7. LED+ – Backlight +
    8. LED− – Backlight –

Display Performance

• Viewing Angle: ~45°–60°
• Operating Temperature: −20°C to +70°C
• Storage Temperature: −30°C to +80°C
• Character ROM: Supports ASCII + custom characters (up to 8 user-defined)

Physical

• Module Size: ~80 mm × 36 mm
• Viewing Area: ~64.5 mm × 16.4 mm
• Weight: ~35 g
• Mounting: 4 mounting holes (standard)

Other Features

• Supports scrolling, cursor blink, cursor move
• Allows creating custom characters (CGRAM)
• Compatible with Arduino, ESP8266, ESP32, Raspberry Pi (using 4-bit mode or I2C adapter)